| 英文摘要 |
Bell chimes and stone chimes are important artifacts in the ritual system and cultural behaviors of the Zhou Dynasty, and are also important carriers of ritual and musical civilization in the dynasty. Bell chimes and stone chimes "group-tone series" structure is the specific representation of suspension musical instruments in theory and practice of the Pre-Qin Period "bells temperament". This research paper not only makes a systematic and comprehensive elaboration on the structure characteristics, evolution logic and the theoretical connotation of Bell chimes and stone chimes "group-tone series" structure is in the different historical periods and different regional cultures of the Zhou Dynasty, but also reveals the internal and external causes of this evolution to a certain extent. For the need of research, this paper puts forward and defines a series of related concepts,and formulates s series of research achievements. These research achievements have theoretical value for understanding the practice and the material representation of the Zhou Dynasty's ritual and musical culture and for interpreting the pre-Qin music theory and even for establishing Chinese music basic theory. This paper is divided into three chapters,makes a comprehensive interpretation of the Zhou Dynasty Bell chimes and Stone chimes "group structure","tone series structure" and the coexistence relationship between them. Chapter I discusses Bell chimes "Group-Tone series" structure in the Zhou Dynasty. The paper first analyzes the "Group-Tone series" structure features of the Shang Dynasty's Three-Pieces Cymbals and the early Western Zhou Dynasty's Three-Pieces Bianyongzhong, namely they take "Gong" as the center to choice notes with third interval; then it analyzes under the "music theory/acoustics features" of musical instruments that each bell in the Bells Set can play two tones with third interval between them, the side drumhead note is higher than front drumhead note, how the two-tones bells form scale (including tetrachord, pentatonic, six tones, seven tones scale), how to express scale in front drumhead(including "Yu""Gong""Jue""Zhi"; "Zhi""Yu""Gong""Shang""Jue" etc.) and find the smallest unit of the fixed-pitch percussion instrument bells' structure: "the fundamental group". According to the scale octave packet embodied in "the fundamental group",this paper makes microanalysis of the various Bells packets after the Western Zhou Dynasty four-pieces Bianyongzhong, determines the tones and interprets the musical connotation of bells, pitch series structure from many layers by referring to the measured sound data in the "fundamental group" structure, and analyzes the inheritance and evolution of bell chimes "Group-Tone series" structure in the Zhou Dynasty. The second chapter discusses the Stone chimes "Group-Tone series" structure of the Zhou Dynasty. The paper points out that the Stone chimes' pitch series comes from the scale division of the bell chimes' front and side drumhead, which forms the tone series structure of left packet and right packet. Stating from the acoustic characteristics that Stone chimes makes one sound, the same-group stone chimes make a lower sound when the shape is bigger, make a higher sound when the shape is smaller,the paper uses the materials in many aspects such as the inscription, shape constitution, sound measuring, location, unearthed serial number, the total piece number, the known tone series,the tone series of the musical instruments unearthed in the same period, so as to grasp the relationship between Stones chimes' overall tone series, packet tone series and the known pre-Qin Bell chimes and Stone chimes tone series, to make speculation and restoration of the Zhou Dynasty Stone chimes' "group-tone series" structure and basically establish the "group-tone series" structure feature of pre-Qin Stone chimes "packet" forming. The third chapter makes special research on the "Group-Tone series" structure of Zenghouyi Bell chimes and Stone chimes. Zenghouyi Bell chimes and Stone chimes inscriptions directly presents the tone series structure of bell chimes and stone chimes, are the first hand materials of pre-Qin Bell chimes and Stone chimes tonic series research. Under the "music theory/acoustics features" of musical instruments that each bell in the Bells Set can play two tones with third interval between them, the side drumheadnote is higher than front drumheadnote, this paper analyzes how the two-tones bells "fundamental group" structure form tone scale and Twelve Tone Scale, puts forward two kinds of design principles of Zenghouyi Bell chimes pitch series: "pentatonic scale","Twelve Tone Scale"; based on the nine types of two-tone bells formed by these two principles, the paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the yuelu inscription of middle and lower Yongzhong, puts forward two kinds of constitution principle of Zenghouyi Bell chimes yuelv inscription: "pentatonic and xinzhong","Six Lv",and reveals the musical connotation of these two principles: pentatonic and tune modulation, "Six lv" tuning. Finally, this paper uses the geometric graphics to analyze the even division thinking in Twelve Tone Scale of the Zeng-hou-yi Bell chimes, makes a new interpretation of "group-tonic series" structure and related music problems in literature,and reveals the music connotation of pre-Qin bells "six lv" conception-- "dividing by six tones". On the basis of Stone chimes transcription inscription, Stone chimes box inscriptions, unearthed Stone chimes racks grouping, Stone chimes tone series relationship etc., this paper makes a restoration of two "packet" formation of Zenghouyi stone chimes box 13-pieces packet, stone chimes racks 16-pieces packet. The paper also analyzes Zenghouyi Stone chimes' yuelv inscription's writing mode, "pentatonic and xinzhong" composition principle, and checks and restores Zenghouyi full-set 41 pieces Stone chimes,inscriptions. Key Words: Zhou Dynasty; Bell chimes and Stone chimes; "Group-Tone series" structure; "Fundamental group"; Packet; Scale
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